Kosin Medical Journal

Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate Nrf2 expression and attenuate apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a rat model of cyclosporine-induced nephropathy: Ji Young Lee, Young Ki Son, Mi Hwa Lee, Su Mi Lee, Seong Eun Kim, Won Suk An; Kosin Med J. 2023;38(3):184-192. Published online July 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.112

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Background
Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced kidney injury is characterized by renal impairment with inflammatory cell infiltrations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypoxic injury. It is not clear whether omega-3 fatty acids (O-3 FAs), which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, affect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether O-3 FAs affect Nrf2 expression and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in CsA-induced nephropathy.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, CsA-treated, and CsA-treated with O-3 FA groups. Nrf2 expression was measured by Western blots and immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Kidney function was impaired in the CsA-treated rats compared to the controls. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 were activated in the CsA-treated group, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio was higher. O-3 FAs attenuated these apoptosis-related changes. ED-1 and inhibition of kappa B (IĸB) protein expression were significantly upregulated in the CsA-treated group. Compared to the control group, O-3 FA supplementation attenuated the increased expression of ED-1 and IĸB related to inflammation. Smad2/3, Smad4, and transforming growth factor-β1 were activated in the CsA group, and O-3 FA treatment prevented these changes related to renal fibrosis. The expression of Nrf2 was reduced in CsA-treated rats, but Nrf-2 was increased by O-3 FA treatment.
Conclusions
We suggest that Nrf2 is a potential mediator induced by O-3 FA supplementation and that it attenuates pro-inflammatory pathways, fibrotic processes, and apoptosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the crosstalk between Nrf2 expression and signals related to O-3 FA treatment.

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Omega-3 fatty acids: promising therapeutic agents for combating kidney injuries
Hee-Jae Cha
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(3): 157. CrossRef

STAT3 inhibition decreases ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells: Cheol Hong Kim, Kyoung Seob Song; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):134-139. Published online June 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.102

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Background
Contact between the human pulmonary system and bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can induce airway diseases. Although pathogen-induced mucus oversecretion and hyperproduction are frequently observed in the human respiratory tract, the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced mucus hypersecretion and overproduction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological signaling mechanism of ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells.
Methods
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a cytokine array, and a Ca2+ concentration assay were performed to investigate the ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression levels in human airway epithelial cells.
Results
The ATP/P2Y2 complex robustly secreted interleukin (IL)-6 in a time-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-P2Y2 did not. Moreover, ATP/P2Y2 induced MUC8 gene expression. IL-6 secreted by ATP strongly elevated ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression compared to ATP/P2Y2. Interestingly, a specific STAT3 inhibitor, 5,15-DPP, dramatically inhibited ATP/P2Y2/IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in MUC8 gene expression.
Conclusions
We showed that IL-6-activated STAT6 is essential for ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression as part of inflammatory signaling by cytokines during airway inflammation. Our results provide a new molecular understanding of the signaling mechanism of MUC8 gene expression during airway inflammation.

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Inhibition of Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation by RIPK3 through the Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Production
Sun-Hee Park, Hyun-Chae Lee, Hye Min Jeong, Jeong-Sang Lee, Hee-Jae Cha, Cheol Hong Kim, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(17): 13320. CrossRef
PDZ Peptide of the ZO-1 Protein Significantly Increases UTP-Induced MUC8 Anti-Inflammatory Mucin Overproduction in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Han Seo, Hyun-Chae Lee, Ki Chul Lee, Doosik Kim, Jiwook Kim, Donghee Kang, Hyung-Joo Chung, Hee-Jae Cha, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
Molecules and Cells.2023; 46(11): 700. CrossRef

Nutritional Treatment: New Strategy for Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain: Jong Soon Choi, Heung Yeol Kim; Kosin Med J. 2013;28(1):7-12. Published online August 17, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2013.28.1.7

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Chronic pelvic pain is a common condition in women of reproductive age and can be described as chronic nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain characterized by spontaneous pain or a response to various stimuli. Oxidative stress is a component of the inflammatory reaction associated with pain processes. Iron and NF-κB are well-known inducers of oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with chronic pelvic pain and play an important role in the regulation of genes expressing immunoregulators, cytokines, and other molecules. Chronic pelvic pain treatment is often unsatisfactory and limited to symptom control. However, dietary treatment with antioxidants can improve the function of the immune system and overcome free radical damage. Therefore, dietary supplementation is suggested as a means to treat some chronic medical conditions that respond poorly to medication. In summary, dietary treatment with antioxidants could be considered for new strategy for treatment of chronic pelvic pain and may be better tolerated by patients than current treatments.

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Medical and social aspects in women of reproductive age with chronic pelvic pain
S.О. Shurpyak, O.B. Solomko
Reproductive health of woman.2021; (6): 71. CrossRef

Regulatory Mechanism of Mucous Hyperproduction in the Airway: Kyoung Seob Song; Kosin Med J. 2010;25(2):1-5. Published online December 31, 2010

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Relationship between Pulmonary Function and High Sensitive C-reactive Protein in Healthy Adults: Eun Hee Kong; Kosin Med J. 2009;24(2):92-97. Published online December 31, 2009

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Effects of Capsaicin on the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mice: Kwang Hyuk Kim; Kosin Med J. 2008;23(4):58-63. Published online December 31, 2008

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