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Volume 37(2); June 2022
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Editorial
Why should you not overlook the postoperative evaluation of steno-occlusive arterial disease for coronary artery bypass graft patients?
Jong Hyun Baek, Haeyoung Lee
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):93-95.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.115
  • 1,636 View
  • 26 Download
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Review articles
How to write an original article in medicine and medical science
Gwansuk Kang, Sung Eun Kim
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):96-101.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.105
  • 4,224 View
  • 86 Download
  • 10 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Excellent research in the fields of medicine and medical science can advance the field and contribute to human health improvement. In this aspect, research is important. However, if researchers do not publish their research, their efforts cannot benefit anyone. To make a difference, researchers must disseminate their results and communicate their opinions. One way to do this is by publishing their research. Therefore, academic writing is an essential skill for researchers. However, preparing a manuscript is not an easy task, and it is difficult to write well. Following a structure may be helpful for researchers. For example, the standard structure of medical and medical science articles includes the following sections: introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD). The purpose of this review is to present an introduction for researchers, especially novices, on how to write an original article in the field of medicine and medical science. Therefore, we discuss how to prepare and write a research manuscript for publication, using the IMRAD structure. We also included specific tips for writing manuscripts in medicine and medical science.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Predicting Safe Liver Resection Volume for Major Hepatectomy Using Artificial Intelligence
    Chol Min Kang, Hyung June Ku, Hyung Hwan Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Ji Hoon Jo, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(2): 381.     CrossRef
  • Changes in parents’ health concerns by post-preterm birth period in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
    Yu Jin Jung, Hun Ha Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(2): 118.     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Siewert Type II/III Early Gastric Cancer
    Min Young Son, Dae Hyeon Cho, Sung Eun Kim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Jae Hyun Kim, Jung Wook Lee, Kyoungwon Jung
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(3): 252.     CrossRef
  • Satellite cell distribution in the medial rectus muscle in cadavers
    Chang Zoo Kim, Sang Joon Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(3): 195.     CrossRef
  • Current understanding of modulated electro-hyperthermia in cancer treatment
    Sungmin Kim, Jesang Yu, Jihun Kang, Yunkyung Kim, Taek Yong Ko
    Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(3): 160.     CrossRef
  • Troponin I and D-dimer levels as triaging biomarkers to distinguish acute pulmonary thromboembolism from myocardial infarction
    Soo-Jin Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Kwang Min Lee, Jin Woo Lee, Young Shin Cha, Da Eun Koh, Joo Yeong Hwang, Jong Sung Park
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 252.     CrossRef
  • Prevention of myopia progression using orthokeratology
    Stephanie Suzanne S. Garcia, Changzoo Kim
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 231.     CrossRef
  • Basic knowledge of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
    Jung Wook Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 241.     CrossRef
  • How does quiz activity affect summative assessment outcomes? An analysis of three consecutive years’ data on self-directed learning
    Chi Eun Oh, Hyunyong Hwang
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(3): 228.     CrossRef
  • The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury
    Won Moon, Sangwook Lim, Yeonsoon Jung, Yuk Moon Heo, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(4): 320.     CrossRef
How to write case reports in medicine
Sung Il Im
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):102-106.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.109
  • 3,780 View
  • 115 Download
  • 7 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Medical research has become an important part of providing care to patients. Case reports published in medical journals can communicate information to the medical community about rare or unreported features, conditions, complications, or interventions. Case reports are generally short, focusing on key components such as a summary and introduction, case presentation, and discussion. Authors now have access to free, continuously updated case reports of different types from multiple journals. This review introduces the process and mechanisms for how and when to prepare a case report. We briefly review the editorial process of each of these complementary journals, along with author anecdotes, hoping to inspire authors to write and continue writing case reports; and discusses the essentials of a case report, aiming to provide guidelines for improving medical writing skills.

Citations

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  • Surgical management of giant adrenal myelolipoma using a modified Makuuchi incision: a case report
    Byeong Jin Kang, Seung Hyeon Kim, Kyoungha Jang, Kyung Hwan Kim, Hong Koo Ha
    Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • A rare cause of progressive dysphagia
    Jongin Jeon, Sung Eun Kim, Sun-Ju Oh
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 697.     CrossRef
  • A fatal pediatric case of acute fulminant cerebral edema with COVID-19 in Korea: a case report
    Minyoung Jung, Chi Eun Oh, Yujin Nam, Dalo Jung, Gyu Min Yeon
    Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(3): 220.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Early Malignant Change from Neurofibroma to Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
    Poo Reum Kang, Yeong Joon Kim, Sun Ju Oh, Hyoung Shin Lee
    Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology.2023; 39(2): 45.     CrossRef
  • Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic-gland Type Diagnosed and Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
    Sung Eun Kim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung, Bang Ju Kim, Hee Kyung Chang
    Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(3): 165.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative cutaneous complications in an elderly patient due to inappropriate use of a forced-air warming device and underbody blanket: a case report
    Myounghun Kim, Soo Jee Lee, Beomseok Choi, Geunho Lee, Seunghee Ki
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 288.     CrossRef
  • Selective adjuvant radiation therapy for distant lymph node metastasis in patients with stage 4B epithelial ovarian cancer: a case series
    Eun Taeg Kim, Seung Yeon Oh, Sun Young Ma, Tae Hwa Lee, Won Gyu Kim
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 293.     CrossRef
Alcohol-related liver disease and liver transplantation
Musheer Shafqat, Ji Hoon Jo, Hyung Hwan Moon, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):107-118.   Published online June 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.108
  • 2,277 View
  • 36 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has become the major cause of liver transplantation (LT) in Korea, and is currently the most common cause of LT in Europe and the United States. Although, ALD is one of the most common indications for LT, it is traditionally not considered as an option for patients with ALD due to organ shortages and concerns about relapse. To select patients with terminal liver disease due to ALD for transplants, most LT centers in the United States and European countries require a 6-month sober period before transplantation. However, Korea has a different social and cultural background than Western countries, and most organ transplants are made from living donors, who account for approximately twice as many procedures as deceased donors. Most LT centers in Korea do not require a specific period of sobriety before transplantation in patients with ALD. As per the literature, 8%–20% of patients resume alcohol consumption 1 year after LT, and this proportion increases to 30%–40% at 5 years post-LT, among which 10%–15% of patients resume heavy drinking. According to previous studies, the risk factors for alcohol relapse after LT are as follows: young age, poor familial and social support, family history of alcohol use disorder, previous history of alcohol-related treatment, shorter abstinence before LT, smoking, psychiatric disorders, irregular follow-up, and unemployment. Recognition of the risk factors, early detection of alcohol consumption after LT, and regular follow-up by a multidisciplinary team are important for improving the short- and long-term outcomes of LT patients with ALD.
Original articles
Postoperative effects of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery and heart rate variability
Han Su Park, Kyungwon Seo, Hyeon Soo Kim, Sung il Im, Bong Joon Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, Jung Ho Heo
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):119-126.   Published online June 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.020
  • 2,113 View
  • 38 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Several studies have reported associations between obesity and autonomic dysfunction. However, little research has investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery (HRR) in the treadmill test and heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter monitoring. We investigated the effects of bariatric surgery on HRR and HRV, which are parameters related to autonomic dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2019. The treadmill test, 24-hour Holter monitoring, and echocardiography were performed before and 6 months after surgery. We compared the changes in HRR in the treadmill test and HRV parameters such as the time domain and spectral domain in 24-hour Holter monitoring before and after surgery.
Results
Of the 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 25 patients had the treadmill test or 24-hour Holter monitoring both before and after surgery. Body weight and body mass index significantly decreased after surgery (112.86±24.37 kg vs. 89.10±20.26 kg, p<0.001; 39.22±5.69 kg/m2 vs. 31.00±5.09 kg/m2, p<0.001, respectively). HRR significantly increased (n=23; 43.00±20.97 vs. 64.29±18.49, p=0.001). The time domain of HRV parameters increased (n=21; standard deviation of the N-N interval 123.57±28.05 vs. 152.57±39.49, p=0.002 and mean N-N interval 791.57±88.84 vs. 869.05±126.31, p=0.002).
Conclusions
Our data showed that HRR after exercise and HRV during 24-hour Holter monitoring improved after weight reduction with bariatric surgery through improved cardiac autonomic function.
Analysis of ultradian rest-activity rhythms using locomotor activity in mice
Jung Hyun Lee, Eunsoo Moon, Jeonghyun Park, Yoo Rha Hong, Min Yoon
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):127-133.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.023
  • 1,905 View
  • 25 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Locomotor activity in mice may have an ultradian rest-activity rhythm. However, to date, no study has shown how locomotor activity can be explained statistically using fitted cosine curves. Therefore, this study explored whether the ultradian rhythm of locomotor activity in mice could be analyzed using cosine fitting analysis.
Methods
The locomotor activity of 20 male mice under a 12/12-hour dark/light cycle for 2 days was fitted to a cosine function to obtain the best fit. The mean absolute error (MAE) values were used to determine the explanatory power of the calculated cosine model for locomotor activity. The cosine fitting analysis was performed using R statistical software (version 4.1.1).
Results
The mean MAE was 0.2944, whereas the mean MAE for integrating the individual analyses in the two experimental groups was 0.3284. The periods of the estimated ultradian rest-activity rhythm ranged from 1.602 to 4.168 hours.
Conclusions
These results suggest that locomotor activity data reflect an ultradian rhythm better than a circadian rhythm. Locomotor activity can be statistically fitted to a cosine curve under well-controlled conditions. In the future, it will be necessary to explore whether this cosine-fitting analysis can be used to analyze ultradian rhythms under different experimental conditions.
STAT3 inhibition decreases ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells
Cheol Hong Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):134-139.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.102
  • 1,974 View
  • 13 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Contact between the human pulmonary system and bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can induce airway diseases. Although pathogen-induced mucus oversecretion and hyperproduction are frequently observed in the human respiratory tract, the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced mucus hypersecretion and overproduction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological signaling mechanism of ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells.
Methods
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a cytokine array, and a Ca2+ concentration assay were performed to investigate the ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression levels in human airway epithelial cells.
Results
The ATP/P2Y2 complex robustly secreted interleukin (IL)-6 in a time-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-P2Y2 did not. Moreover, ATP/P2Y2 induced MUC8 gene expression. IL-6 secreted by ATP strongly elevated ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression compared to ATP/P2Y2. Interestingly, a specific STAT3 inhibitor, 5,15-DPP, dramatically inhibited ATP/P2Y2/IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in MUC8 gene expression.
Conclusions
We showed that IL-6-activated STAT6 is essential for ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression as part of inflammatory signaling by cytokines during airway inflammation. Our results provide a new molecular understanding of the signaling mechanism of MUC8 gene expression during airway inflammation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Inhibition of Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation by RIPK3 through the Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Production
    Sun-Hee Park, Hyun-Chae Lee, Hye Min Jeong, Jeong-Sang Lee, Hee-Jae Cha, Cheol Hong Kim, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(17): 13320.     CrossRef
  • PDZ Peptide of the ZO-1 Protein Significantly Increases UTP-Induced MUC8 Anti-Inflammatory Mucin Overproduction in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
    Han Seo, Hyun-Chae Lee, Ki Chul Lee, Doosik Kim, Jiwook Kim, Donghee Kang, Hyung-Joo Chung, Hee-Jae Cha, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
    Molecules and Cells.2023; 46(11): 700.     CrossRef
Incidence of arterial steno-occlusive disease and related factors in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Seong Gyu Kim, Geun Woo Lee, Chul Ho Lee
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):140-145.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.104
  • 2,428 View
  • 21 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery receive regular physical examinations and medications on an outpatient basis. However, these patients are at risk of developing other vascular diseases, such as postoperative arterial steno-occlusive disease (SOD). This study investigated the incidence of SOD and related factors.
Methods
In total, 246 patients who underwent CABG surgery from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were investigated. The incidence and risk factors of vascular disease were analyzed by dividing the included patients into SOD and non-SOD groups. Laboratory tests, medical history, surgical information, and family history were investigated through an electronic chart review.
Results
Data from 193 patients who met the criteria were analyzed. SOD occurred in 19.1% of patients, and the cerebral artery (38%) was the most common artery involved, followed by the peripheral artery (32%), the coronary artery (22%), and the retinal artery (8%). Risk factors for the development of SOD included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; odds ratio [OR]=0.977, p=0.008), cholesterol (OR=1.020, p=0.001), and patients with diabetes complications (OR=5.077, p=0.010). The 3-year cumulative incidence rate was 21.6%, and the risk factors for cumulative occurrence were a low eGFR, elevated cholesterol, and complications of diabetes.
Conclusions
Low eGFR, high cholesterol, and the presence of diabetic complications before CABG surgery may be associated with postoperative vascular disease. In these cases, close monitoring, proper drug administration, and patient warnings may be required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Why should you not overlook the postoperative evaluation of steno-occlusive arterial disease for coronary artery bypass graft patients?
    Jong Hyun Baek, Haeyoung Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(2): 93.     CrossRef
A prospective study of the correlation between hepatic fibrosis and noninvasively measured fibrosis markers including serum M2BPGi and acoustic radiation force impulse elastography
Kwang Il Seo, Hyunyong Hwang, Byung Cheol Yun, Hyung Hwan Moon, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin, Myunghee Yoon
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):146-153.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.110
  • 2,352 View
  • 42 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) was introduced as a noninvasively measurable serologic marker for liver fibrosis. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) elastography is another noninvasive method of measuring hepatic fibrosis. There are limited data about the correlations between histologic fibrosis grade and noninvasively measured markers, including M2BPGi and ARFI.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted among patients admitted consecutively for liver resection, cholecystectomy, or liver biopsy. ARFI elastography, serum M2BPGi levels, and the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score were evaluated before histologic evaluation. Histologic interpretation was performed by a single pathologist using the METAVIR scoring system.
Results
In patients with high METAVIR scores, M2BPGi levels and ARFI values showed statistically significant differences between patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis. In 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, as METAVIR scores increased, M2BPGi levels also tended to increase (p=0.161). ARFI values changed significantly as METAVIR scores increased (p=0.039). In 33 patients without hepatocellular carcinoma, as METAVIR scores increased, M2BPGi levels significantly increased (p=0.040). ARFI values also changed significantly as METAVIR scores increased (p=0.033). M2BPGi levels were significantly correlated with ARFI values (r=0.604, p<0.001), and APRI values (r=0.704, p<0.001), respectively.
Conclusions
Serum M2BPGi levels increased with liver fibrosis severity and could be a good marker for diagnosing advanced hepatic fibrosis regardless of the cause of liver disease.

Citations

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  • Predicting Safe Liver Resection Volume for Major Hepatectomy Using Artificial Intelligence
    Chol Min Kang, Hyung June Ku, Hyung Hwan Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Ji Hoon Jo, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(2): 381.     CrossRef
Performance comparison between Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and Atellica IM SARS-CoV-2 Total and SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays
Seri Jeong, Yoo Rha Hong, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):154-162.   Published online June 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.114
  • 2,647 View
  • 45 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   
Background
Although serological severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests from several manufacturers have been introduced in South Korea and some are commercially available, the performance of these test kits has not yet been sufficiently validated. Therefore, we compared the performance of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ACOV2) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) and Atellica IM SARS-CoV-2 Total (COV2T) and SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) serological tests in this study.
Methods
A total of 186 patient samples were used. For each test, we analyzed the positive rate of serological antibody tests, precision, linearity, and agreement among the four assays.
Results
The positive rates of COV2T, sCOVG, and ACOV2S were high (81.7%–89.2%) in total, with those for ACOV2S being the highest, while those of ACOV2 were as low as 44.6%. This may be related to the high completion rate of vaccination in Korea. The repeatability and within-laboratory coefficients of variation were within the claimed allowable imprecision; however, further research is needed to establish an allowable imprecision at low concentrations. COV2T showed a linear fit, whereas sCOVG and ACOV2S were appropriately modeled with a nonlinear fit. Good agreement was found among COV2T, sCOVG, and ACOV2S; however, the agreement between ACOV2 and any one of the other methods was poor.
Conclusions
Considering the different antigens used in serological SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays, the performance of the tested assays is thought to show no significant difference for the qualitative detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Citations

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  • Evaluation of automated calibration and quality control processes using the Aptio total laboratory automation system
    Namhee Kim, Yein Kim, Jeongeun Park, Jungsoo Choi, Hyunyong Hwang
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(4): 342.     CrossRef
Case reports
Overcoming high pre-transplant isoagglutinin titers using high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, salvage plasmapheresis, and booster rituximab without splenectomy in ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation: a case report
Hyung Hwan Moon
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):163-168.   Published online March 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.21.036
  • 2,628 View
  • 51 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
High pre-transplant isoagglutinin is a risk factor for antibody-mediated rejection in ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation. A 55-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis underwent ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation. The initial isoagglutinin immunoglobulin G titer was 1:1,024. Despite five sessions of plasmapheresis, the isoagglutinin titer was not significantly reduced (from 1:1,024 to 1:512). We decided to perform 11 plasmaphereses and proceed with liver transplantation regardless of the isoagglutinin titer (1:128 at transplantation day). Instead, we planned to administer 0.5 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin and booster rituximab (200 mg) after transplant. On postoperative day 6, the isoagglutinin titer increased from 1:32 to 1:64, and the patient received plasmapheresis twice. The patient maintained stable liver function without evidence of further complications or rejection. The high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, salvage plasmapheresis, and booster rituximab protocol might be able to overcome a pre-transplant high isoagglutinin titer in ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation without splenectomy.
Tracheostomy with aortic debranching: a case report
Jin Ho Choi, Haeyoung Lee
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):169-172.   Published online April 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.21.046
  • 1,629 View
  • 30 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is preferred over conventional surgical tracheostomy for prolonged airway protection and mechanical ventilation. However, despite its advantages, severe PDT-related complications have been reported, including catastrophic hemorrhage from common carotid artery laceration and innominate artery pseudo-aneurysm. PDT can typically be applied to the trachea, which is the focal point for the transverse course of great vessels (e.g., the anomalous brachiocephalic trunk, which overlaps with the targeted lesion anteriorly); therefore, to improve patient outcomes, an alternative method using aortic debranching may be considered.

KMJ : Kosin Medical Journal
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