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• Diagnostic imaging of salivary gland cancers: REFCOR recommendations by the formal consensus method
  A. Varoquaux, N. Fakhry, B. Baujat, B. Verillaud, F. Jegoux, B. Barry, E. Chabrillac, S. Vergez, M. Terroir-Cassou-Mounat
  European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases.2024; 141(1): 27.     CrossRef
• Imagerie diagnostique des cancers salivaires : recommandations REFCOR par consensus formalisé
  A. Varoquaux, N. Fakhry, B. Baujat, B. Verillaud, F. Jegoux, B. Barry, E. Chabrillac, S. Vergez, M. Terroir-Cassou-Mounat
  Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale.2024; 141(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Advanced magnetic resonance imaging findings in salivary gland tumors
  Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan
  World Journal of Radiology.2022; 14(8): 256.     CrossRef

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and motor nuclei in the lower brainstem, resulting in hypotonia, progressive proximal muscle weakness, paralysis, and progressive respiratory insufficiency. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (Werdnig-Hoffman disease) who has been treated at home with non-invasive ventilation (assist-control mode with a back-up respiratory rate of 26 per minute). She presented with an atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation, as well as paroxysmal fluctuation of blood pressure and heart rate indicating autonomic dysfunction. Although it is known that patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 do not generally demonstrate cardiac problems, it can be concluded based on findings in our case that long-term survivors with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 may develop cardiac rhythm disturbances. We therefore recommend that the possibility of cardiac complications and autonomic dysfunction should be borne in mind in the management of such patients.

In this case report, we describe the use of ultrasound in the administration regional anesthesia for a super-super obese patient. A 23-year-old female patient (height 167.2 cm, weight 191.5 kg, body mass index 68.6 kg/m²) was admitted to the hospital for surgical repair of an anterior talofibular ligament rupture. We used ultrasound to help facilitate the administration of regional anesthesia. In the sagittal view of the lumbar spine, (with the patient in a sitting position) we were able to identify the border between the sacrum and the lumbar vertebral; in the transverse view, we were able to identify the transverse process, posterior dura, vertebral body, and the distance from the skin to the posterior dura. After skin marking, regional anesthesia was successfully performed. Based on this case study, we suggest that ultrasound can be very useful in regional anesthesia for severely obese patients.

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• Anaesthetic implications in a case of super obesity with multiple comorbidities: A conundrum of challenges
  Sathya Narayanan K, Ilango Ganesan, Gowtham Rajan, Nithya Dhanabal, Teresa Mary, Rajalakshmy Aarthy
  Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia.2023; 10(1): 106.     CrossRef

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common bacterial strain causing atypical pneumonia in children and adolencents. Although it is known to cause mild symptoms, it can also cause severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary complications in rare cases. Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is often reported as a complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is very rarely caused by M. pneumoniae. We report a case in which a 5-year-old boy was diagnosed with lobar pneumonia with symptoms that aggravated even with macrolide antibiotic treatment. Anti-mycoplasma pneumoniae Ig-M test yielded high values, and direct polymerase chain reaction results were also positive. NP caused by M. pneumoniae was confirmed on computed tomography. After treatment involving tosufloxacin and systemic steroid, the lesion decreased in size and improved gradually when followed-up for more than 1 year. The patient did not have any predisposing or risk factors for NP.

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• Cavitatory necrotising pneumonia with extrapulmonary multi-systemic involvement — a rare presentation of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  Namitha Mohan, Vishal Dnyaneshwar Sawant, Alpana Kondekar
  The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

A 38-year-old female patient had bradycardia in the preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG), and she showed severe bradycardia, with the heart rate (HR) under 40 beats per minute (bpm) even after arrival in the operating room. Immediately after endotracheal intubation, ventricular tachycardia with HR over 200 bpm occurred, but it disappeared voluntarily. The surgery was postponed for additional cardiac evaluation because of the persistent severe bradycardia. On postanesthesia day 2, complete atrioventricular (AV) block appeared. We expected spontaneous recovery over 2 weeks, but the complete AV block persisted. A permanent pacemaker was eventually inserted, and the patient was discharged without other complications on day 4 after insertion of the pacemaker. We report this case because complete AV block has commonly occurred in patients with risk factors such as first AV block, secondary AV block, or bundle branch block, but complete AV block has occurred despite the absence of arrhythmia in this patient.

Approximately 13–20% of infants with milk allergies concurrently exhibit beef allergies. Here, we report a 24-month-old infant who exhibited both pork and beef allergies, concurrently with a milk allergy. The infant's laboratory test results were: 3.73 ISU-E (ISAC standardized unit for IgE) for cow milk β-lactoglobulin, 23.8 ISU-E for casein, 12.8 ISU-E for cow milk Bos d 6 of serum albumin, and 4.85 ISU-E for cat Fel d 2. This case report summarizes an infant patient diagnosed with a meat allergy that was associated with cow's milk allergy, using ImmunoCAP ISAC®. Not only ImmunoCAP ISAC® but also immunocap can be used to diagnose milk allergy and meat allergy at the same time, immunocap testing for component antigen is rare. ImmunoCAP ISAC® is used to diagnose these allergies in our case study, as it has advantage that only 1ml of blood is needed to run various component antigen tests.

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• Preparation, Identification and Application of β-Lactoglobulin Hydrolysates with Oral Immune Tolerance
  Linghan Tian, Qianqian Zhang, Yanjun Cong, Wenjie Yan
  Foods.2023; 12(2): 307.     CrossRef
• Benefits, perceived and actual risks and barriers to egg consumption in low- and middle-income countries
  Chhavi Tiwari, Mulubrhan Balehegn, Adegbola T. Adesogan, Sarah L. McKune
  Frontiers in Animal Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

A 56-year-old female presented with clinical features of acute tonsillitis with subsequent cervical lymphadenitis. After taking empirical antibiotics for 1 week, the acute infection symptoms and signs were resolved. However, an asymmetric enlargement of the left palatine tonsil with ipsilateral neck swelling remained. Subsequent tonsillectomy and lymph node excisional biopsy were performed due to the possibility of malignancy. The patient was eventually diagnosed as malignant lymphoma according to pathological confirmation. We demonstrate the diagnostic challenges in such a rare case and emphasize the importance of differentiating malignant lymphoma from an atypically presenting acute infectious disease.