To present a pilot study of nerve-sparing cryoablation for the treatment of primary prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, 9 patients underwent nerve-sparing cryoablation (unilateral 5, bilateral 4 patients). One neurovascular bundle (NVB) was spared on the side opposite the positive biopsy, and two NVBs were spared when indicated and possible. Just before the start of freezing, a 22-gauge spinal needle was placed into Denonvilliers fascia using a transperineal route, and normal saline was injected to separate the rectum from the prostate. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was sampled every 3 months for the first 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter. Patients were considered to have a stable PSA if they had two consecutive PSA measurements without a rise.

The follow-up was 4ᄋ-months (19-66 months). All patients had stable PSA levels at last follow-up. Potency (defined as an erection sufficient to complete intercourse to the satisfaction of the patient) was maintained in 4 of 9 patients, 5 were potent with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors or intracavernosal injection. Conclusions: Nerve-sparing cryoablation, in which one or two neurovascular bundle is spared, showed the possibility of preserving potency in most patients without compromising cancer control. These preliminary results warrant further study.