Department of Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Kosin University College of Medicine.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of interest
Young Il Choi is an editorial board member of the journal but was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Funding
None.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: HHM, YIC, DHS. Data curation: HHM, YIC. Methodology: HHM. Writing- original draft: HHM, JHJ, YIC. Writing- review & editing: JHJ, YIC, DHS. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or number only.
BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; TG 18, Tokyo Guidelines 2018; PGS, Parkland grading scale; CFS, cystic duct fibrosis score; PTGBD, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; ERBD, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; CBD, common bile duct.
Score 0, normal or no inflammation; score 1, edematous but not hard; score 2, not easy to dissect the cystic duct due to partial hardness (less than 50%); score 3, hard to dissect the cystic duct due to whole hardness (more than 50%).
BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; TB, total bilirubin; CRP, C-reactive protein; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; TG 18, Tokyo Guidelines 2018; PGS, Parkland grading scale; GB, gallbladder; PTGBD, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; ERBD, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; C-D, Clavien-Dindo classification; CBD, common bile duct.
p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Guideline 2018 | Parkland grading scale | Cystic fibrosis score | |
Tokyo Guideline 2018 | - | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Parkland grading scale | 0.001 | - | 0.001 |
Cystic fibrosis score | 0.001 | 0.001 | - |
Variable | Value (n=163) |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 56.6±13.3 |
Sex (male/female) | 85 (52.1)/78 (47.9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0±4.0 |
Preoperative WBC | 7,850±3,507 |
Preoperative CRP (mg/dL) | 2.74±6.43 |
TG 18 (no/I/II/III) | 97/58/7/1 |
PGS (1/2/3/4/5) | 70/42/21/10/20 |
CFS (0/1/2/3) | 81/40/13/29 |
Gallbladder stone | 132 (81.0) |
Gallbladder wall thickening | 74 (45.4) |
Previous PTGBD or ERBD | 52 (31.9) |
Operation time (min) | 62.1±34.6 |
Estimated blood loss (mL) | 17.1±79.4 |
Hospital stay (day) | 5.4±3.2 |
Open conversion | 5 (3.1) |
CBD injury | 2 (1.2) |
Postoperative complications | 14 (8.6) |
Characteristics | Score 0 (n=81) | Score 1 (n=40) | Score 2 (n=13) | Score 3 (n=29) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr), median | 54.1 | 57.5 | 53.2 | 63.9 | 0.005 |
BMI (kg/m2), median | 24.5 | 25.2 | 25.7 | 25.9 | 0.359 |
Operation time (min), median | 47.2 | 60.3 | 63.4 | 105.3 | <0.001 |
Cystic duct ligation time (min), median | 28.4 | 26.2 | 30.0 | 58.6 | 0.002 |
Preoperative WBC (μL), median | 6,900 | 7,600 | 7,630 | 10,950 | <0.001 |
Preoperative platelet (×103/μL), median | 236 | 227 | 193 | 208 | 0.046 |
Preoperative TB (mg/dL), median | 0.77 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 1.34 | 0.007 |
Preoperative CRP (mg/dL), median | 0.81 | 3.09 | 1.35 | 7.94 | <0.001 |
Estimated blood loss (mL), median | 0 | 2.5 | 15.3 | 86.2 | <0.001 |
ASA class (I/II/III/IV) | 34/41/6/0 | 9/25/6/0 | 4/7/2/0 | 4/18/7/0 | <0.001 |
TG 18 (no/I/II/III) | 72/8/1/0 | 18/19/2/1 | 5/7/1/0 | 2/24/3/0 | <0.001 |
PGS (1/2/3/4/5) | 59/17/5/0/0 | 11/19/7/0/3 | 0/4/5/2/2 | 0/2/4/8/15 | <0.001 |
GB stone (no/yes) | 23/58 | 3/37 | 2/11 | 3/26 | 0.029 |
GB wall thickening (no/yes) | 65/16 | 15/25 | 2/11 | 4/25 | <0.001 |
Preoperative intervention (no/PTGBD/ERBD/both) | 73/3/5/0 | 21/11/6/2 | 7/3/2/1 | 10/14/2/3 | <0.001 |
Complications (≥C-D II, %) | 3 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 0.004 |
Open conversion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | <0.001 |
CBD injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.010 |
p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Guideline 2018 | Parkland grading scale | Cystic fibrosis score | |
Tokyo Guideline 2018 | - | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Parkland grading scale | 0.001 | - | 0.001 |
Cystic fibrosis score | 0.001 | 0.001 | - |
Cystic duct ligation time (min) | Operation time (min) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
β±SE | p-value | β±SE | p-value | |
Tokyo Guideline 2018 | 7.217±4.899 | 0.148 | 22.616±4.155 | <0.001 |
Parkland grading scale | 7.318±2.168 | <0.001 | 15.026±1.601 | <0.001 |
Cystic fibrosis score | 8.474±2.625 | 0.002 | 17.796±1.952 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or number only. BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; TG 18, Tokyo Guidelines 2018; PGS, Parkland grading scale; CFS, cystic duct fibrosis score; PTGBD, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; ERBD, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; CBD, common bile duct.
Score 0, normal or no inflammation; score 1, edematous but not hard; score 2, not easy to dissect the cystic duct due to partial hardness (less than 50%); score 3, hard to dissect the cystic duct due to whole hardness (more than 50%). BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; TB, total bilirubin; CRP, C-reactive protein; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; TG 18, Tokyo Guidelines 2018; PGS, Parkland grading scale; GB, gallbladder; PTGBD, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; ERBD, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; C-D, Clavien-Dindo classification; CBD, common bile duct.
SE, standard error.