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• Spatial Analysis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Colombia (2020–2023): Departmental Rates, Clusters, and Associated Factors
  Brayan Patiño-Palma, Sandra Chacon-Bambague, Farlhyn Bermudez-Moreno, Carmencita Peña-Briceño, Juan Bustos-Carvajal, Florencio Arias-Coronel
  Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 10(12): 351.     CrossRef

Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease in which the anterior inner wall of the tracheobronchus changes because of abnormal chondrogenesis or ossification, while the posterior wall of the trachea is spared. The etiology is not clearly understood, but may relate with chronic infection, inflammation, and trauma. In some case studies, it has also been reported to be accompanied by other chronic diseases such as atrophic rhinitis and amyloidosis. However, Coexistence of TO and tuberculosis has rarely been reported, and has never been reported in Korea. Here, we report a case of a 70-year-old male patient who complained of hemoptysis and whose case was diagnosed as TO and pulmonary tuberculosis through bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and biopsy.

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• Ossified Airways with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Rare Coexistence—A Case Series of Three Patients
  Neeraj Sharma, Kunal Kumar, Deeptika Agarwal, Robin Chaudhary, Puneet Saxena, Aseem Yadav
  SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica – to Biopsy or not to Biopsy? A Relook at The Rare Disease
  Avinash A. Nair, Richa Gupta, Aparna Irodi, A. Ashwin Oliver, Divya Chandran, Balamugesh Thangakunam, Prince James
  Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology.2024; 31(1): 57.     CrossRef

A paradoxical response is not uncommon in non-HIV-infected patients, particularly those with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the radiological and clinical worsening of a previous lesion or the development of new lesion during anti-tuberculosis therapy. The paradoxical response has been attributed to host immunologic reactions, such as a delayed hypersensitivity or a response to mycobacterial antigens. In most reports of paradoxical response, these responses occurred in the same location as a previous lesion. In this patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymph node enlargement occurred as a paradoxical response after the completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Although the new lesion developed in another location, it could be considered as a paradoxical response based on the negative culture result of acid fast bacilli from the new lesion and drug sensitivity result from initial bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. Therefore we were able to decide on the termination of unnecessary anti-tuberculous treatment. Based on our case, we can conclude that paradoxical response can occur after the termination of anti-tuberculosis therapy even in new site.

Addison’s disease is a rare disorder that causes fatigue, genral weakness, weight loss, pigmentation due to adrenal hypofunction and it’s underlying causes are various. We report a case of 42-year-old man with fatigue, generalized cutaneous pigmentation. Computed tomography showed bilateral adrenal enlargement, but no calcification. Adrenal tuberculosis was established by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.