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- The association between oral contraceptive use and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean women: a national population-based study
- Hong Kyu Park, Taehong Kim
- Kosin Med J. 2025;40(2):128-135. Published online June 10, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.161
- 4,381 View
- 23 Download
- 1 Citations
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Abstract
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- Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Korean women.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study including 11,084 Korean women between 2012 and 2020 based on nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between OC use, MetS, and its components.
Results
In total, 11,084 women were included in the study, of whom 1,117 (10.1%) used OCs and 8.5% had MetS. The prevalence of MetS was higher in the OC users (11.5%) than in the non-OC users (8.1%) (p<0.001). The OC users had an increased risk of MetS (odds ratio [OR], 1.480; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.215‒1.802; p<0.001). Additionally, OC users had higher risks of abdominal obesity (OR, 1.319; 95% CI, 1.119‒1.555), hypertension (OR, 1.557; 95% CI, 1.302‒1.863), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.521; 95% CI, 1.287‒1.797).
Conclusions
The incidence of MetS was higher among OC users, with waist circumference, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia being significantly more prevalent components of MetS. These findings can provide valuable evidence to support the development of evidence-based health policies related to women’s health. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Oral contraceptives: balancing intended use with metabolic syndrome risk
Bukyung Kim
Kosin Medical Journal.2025; 40(2): 85. CrossRef
- Oral contraceptives: balancing intended use with metabolic syndrome risk
- Observational Study for Adverse Effects and Discontinuation with Long-Term Post-Operative Hormonal Treatment for Endometriosis in Real-World Practice
- In Hye Kim, Hyungjoon Yoon, Hyun Joo Lee, Hye Kyung Noh, Jong Kil Joo, Ki Hyung Kim
- Kosin Med J. 2021;36(2):116-124. Published online December 31, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2021.36.2.116
- 7,442 View
- 36 Download
- 2 Citations
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Abstract
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Objectives To evaluate the side effects and causes of discontinuation of either combined oral contraceptives or dienogest (DNG) used to prevent recurrence in patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 213 women with endometriosis who had been treated with combined oral contraceptives (ethinyl estradiol 0.02 mg/drospirenone 3 mg [EE/DRSP]) or DNG 2 mg for 12 months or more. The side effects reported by the patients, laboratory parameters, causes of discontinuation of medication, and recurrence rates were evaluated one, two, three, four, and five years after starting medication (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5).
Results EE/DRSP were administered to 59 patients, while DNG was administered to 154 patients. The mean durations of postoperative use of EE/DRSP and DNG were 44.5 ± 22.6 months and 23.6 ± 13.5 months, respectively. The prevalence of side effects was 27.1%, 19.0%, 10.0%, 10.5%, and 7.4% in the EE/DRSP group and 29.2%, 15.7%, 14.0%, 23.1%, and 0.0% in the DNG group at Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5, respectively. The discontinuation rates were 1.7%, 1.7%, 4.0%, 0.0%, and 7.4% at Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5, respectively, in the EE/DRSP group and 10.4%, 3.3%, 4.0%, 3.8%, and 0.0% at the same times in the DNG group. The recurrence rates were less than 4% in both the groups.
Conclusions The side effects of commonly prescribed postoperative hormone treatments were relatively mild, and the occurrence of side effects decreased with continuous administration. Further, the long-term use of postoperative hormone treatments is likely to prevent recurrence of endometriosis after surgery.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Efficacy and safety endpoints of dienogest treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya, Elena N. Andreeva, Vitaly F. Bezhenar, Alexander A. Popov, Sofya A. Cherkashina
Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases.2025; 74(4): 86. CrossRef - Promoting Physical Activity and Limiting Sedentary Behaviors to Manage Pain in Endometriosis: What Are the Psychosocial Variables to Take into Account?
Tracy Milane, Ulysse Herbach, Marie-Anne Jean, Géraldine Escriva-Boulley
Women's Reproductive Health.2025; : 1. CrossRef
- Efficacy and safety endpoints of dienogest treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review
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