Kosin Medical Journal

Fat embolism syndrome: a review in cosmetic surgery: Hongil Kim, Bommie Florence Seo, Gregory Randolph Dean Evans; Kosin Med J. 2024;39(3):169-178. Published online September 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.126

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The growing popularity of cosmetic procedures such as liposuction and fat grafting has been accompanied by a rise in associated side effects. Among these, fat embolism syndrome stands out as a potential complication that sometimes has critical consequences. It is important to recognize that fat embolism affects organs through distinct mechanisms from those involved with other types of embolisms. Early diagnosis is crucial. Unfortunately, no effective treatments have been established for this condition. Therefore, starting with a more detailed categorization of diagnoses, developing new treatment methods for each subtype is essential.

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Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Buttock Augmentation in Indian Population: A Retrospective Analysis
Rajat Gupta, Priya Bansal, Gautam Chaudhury, Nandini Singh Tanwar
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship Between Non-Traumatic Fat Embolism and Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) in Patients with Cancer
Beáta Ágnes Borsay, Barbara Dóra Halasi, Zoltán Hendrik, Róbert Kristóf Róbert, Katalin Károlyi, Teodóra Tóth, Péter Attila Gergely
Diseases.2025; 13(6): 174. CrossRef

Effects of cholecalciferol and omega-3 fatty acids on hepcidin levels in 5/6 nephrectomy rats: Yu In Jeong, Hyo Jin Jung, Mi Hwa Lee, Young Ki Son, Seong Eun Kim, Won Suk An, Su Mi Lee; Kosin Med J. 2024;39(1):35-43. Published online September 25, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.137

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with CKD-related anemia, an inverse relationship between vitamin D and hepcidin levels has been observed. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis, mediated via binding to ferroportin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cholecalciferol and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on hepcidin levels using 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham control, 5/6 Nx, 5/6 Nx treated with cholecalciferol, 5/6 Nx treated with omega-3 FA, and 5/6 Nx treated with both cholecalciferol and omega-3 FA. We measured the hepcidin and ferroportin levels in the kidney and liver by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blots. We evaluated hepcidin expression in the kidney by immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Among the five groups, 5/6 Nx rats exhibited the worst kidney function. Compared with the sham controls, 5/6 Nx rats showed significantly increased serum hepcidin levels and decreased vitamin D levels. Supplementation with either omega-3 FA or cholecalciferol decreased hepcidin and increased vitamin D levels, with a concurrent improvement of anemia. Furthermore, 5/6 Nx rats treated with omega-3 FA/cholecalciferol showed decreased ferroportin and ferritin levels, while iron and total iron-binding capacity levels increased.
Conclusions
Treatment with a combination of cholecalciferol and omega-3 FA may improve anemia in a CKD rat model by decreasing hepcidin levels.

Gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Boyeon Kim, Bukyung Kim; Kosin Med J. 2023;38(3):169-175. Published online September 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.138

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The gut microbiota has been reported to exert a significant influence on various physiological responses of hosts. Extensive evidence has recently emerged linking metabolic and cardiovascular disorders to the gut microbiota. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common underlying metabolic disorder, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In this study, we aim to review the relationship between the gut microbiota and NAFLD, and explore the potential of the gut microbiota as a novel target for NAFLD treatment.

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Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MAFLD)
Damian Dyńka, Łukasz Rodzeń, Mateusz Rodzeń, Dorota Łojko, Sebastian Kraszewski, Ali Ibrahim, Maria Hussey, Adam Deptuła, Żaneta Grzywacz, Alexandre Ternianov, David Unwin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4857. CrossRef

Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate Nrf2 expression and attenuate apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a rat model of cyclosporine-induced nephropathy: Ji Young Lee, Young Ki Son, Mi Hwa Lee, Su Mi Lee, Seong Eun Kim, Won Suk An; Kosin Med J. 2023;38(3):184-192. Published online July 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.112

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Background
Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced kidney injury is characterized by renal impairment with inflammatory cell infiltrations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypoxic injury. It is not clear whether omega-3 fatty acids (O-3 FAs), which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, affect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether O-3 FAs affect Nrf2 expression and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in CsA-induced nephropathy.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, CsA-treated, and CsA-treated with O-3 FA groups. Nrf2 expression was measured by Western blots and immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Kidney function was impaired in the CsA-treated rats compared to the controls. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 were activated in the CsA-treated group, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio was higher. O-3 FAs attenuated these apoptosis-related changes. ED-1 and inhibition of kappa B (IĸB) protein expression were significantly upregulated in the CsA-treated group. Compared to the control group, O-3 FA supplementation attenuated the increased expression of ED-1 and IĸB related to inflammation. Smad2/3, Smad4, and transforming growth factor-β1 were activated in the CsA group, and O-3 FA treatment prevented these changes related to renal fibrosis. The expression of Nrf2 was reduced in CsA-treated rats, but Nrf-2 was increased by O-3 FA treatment.
Conclusions
We suggest that Nrf2 is a potential mediator induced by O-3 FA supplementation and that it attenuates pro-inflammatory pathways, fibrotic processes, and apoptosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the crosstalk between Nrf2 expression and signals related to O-3 FA treatment.

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Omega-3 fatty acids: promising therapeutic agents for combating kidney injuries
Hee-Jae Cha
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(3): 157. CrossRef

The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury: Won Moon, Sangwook Lim, Yeonsoon Jung, Yuk Moon Heo, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):320-341. Published online December 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.140

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Radiotherapy improves overall survival in patients with abdominopelvic malignancies. However, the toxic effects of radiation restrict the maximum dose that can be given, and there are no well-established preventive or therapeutic strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate whether rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin have a suppressive effect on acute ionizing radiation (IR)-induced inflammation in the intestines of mice.
Methods
Thirty-six ICR mice were divided into a vehicle-treated group with sham irradiation; a vehicle-treated group with irradiation; rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin-treated groups with irradiation; and a rebamipide-treated group with sham irradiation. The expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic factors was investigated.
Results
The downregulated expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase by IR was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drugs suppressed the IR-induced activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs (p<0.05) and attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in response to IR (p<0.05). The administration of all drugs markedly attenuated IR-induced increases in iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 (p<0.05), as well as [Ca2+] oscillations that were increased by IR. The expression of proapoptotic genes and antiapoptotic genes was suppressed and induced, respectively, by all drugs. IR treatment increased the release of cytochrome C, which was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drug treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 (p<0.05), which were both upregulated following IR treatment.
Conclusions
The administration of rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin prior to radiation therapy may prevent or attenuate acute radiation-induced enterocolitis.

Obese Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have a Higher Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction: Minyoung Kim, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jaehoon Jung; Kosin Med J. 2019;34(2):117-125. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2019.34.2.117

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Objectives

The effects of obesity on thyroid function have not been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and/or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on thyroid function.

Methods

A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted among subjects who underwent comprehensive health check-ups at least four times between 2008 and 2017. Thyroid function was investigated according to BMI or presence of NAFLD at the end of follow-up. The subjects were divided into four groups: control (n = 216), subjects with obese (n = 94), subjects with NAFLD (n = 48), and subjects with obese + NAFLD (n = 93). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m².

Results

During the mean follow-up of 6.8 years (6.8 ± 1.2 years), 42 of the 451 subjects (9.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) but no subjects developed overt hypothyroidism. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level, obese subjects with NAFLD had a higher risk of SCH than the control group.

Conclusions

The obese subjects with NAFLD had a higher risk for SCH in the future.

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Hypothyroidism-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (HIN): Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Options
Daniela Maria Tanase, Evelina Maria Gosav, Ecaterina Neculae, Claudia Florida Costea, Manuela Ciocoiu, Loredana Liliana Hurjui, Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu, Mariana Floria
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(16): 5927. CrossRef

Antenatal Magnesium Sulfate for Neuroprotective Effects In Preterm Infants: Young lim Oh; Kosin Med J. 2014;29(2):99-106. Published online December 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2014.29.2.99

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Abstract

Fetal or neonatal brain injury can result in lifelong neurologic disability. Although survival rates for preterm infants have increased dramatically with the advent of modern perinatal and neonatal intensive care, but the rates of neurologic abnormalities in survivors, particularly motor disorders such as cerebral palsy, have not diminished. Antenatal magnesium sulfate may reduce the rates of cerebral palsy in survivors of preterm birth. There are five randomized controlled trials of magnesium sulfate administered to women at risk of preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation which have reported neurological outcomes for the child. From meta-analysis of these randomized trials, the rate of cerebral palsy was reduced by magnesium sulfate (RR, ᄋ·69; 95% CI, ᄋ·54-ᄋ·87; five trials; 6,145 infants) as did the moderate/severe cerebral palsy incidence (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, ᄋ·44-ᄋ·92; three trials; 4387 infants). There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of neonatal adverse outcomes of the magnesium administration group and the control group. In most prospective randomized studies, no significant difference in the severe mother-side side effects between the magnesium sul- fate administration group and the control group.

Antenataᅵ magnesium sulfate therapy is neuroprotective against motor dysfunction in offspring for the preterm infant; however the possibility of an increase in the fetal or neonatal death rate was not completely excluded.

Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome by Grade of Nonalcoholic Fatty Livers: Eun Hee Kong; Kosin Med J. 2009;24(2):103-108. Published online December 31, 2009

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The Analgesic effect of Morphine Sulfate and Ketorolac Administered in Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia after Subtotal Gastrectomy: Soo Bong Yu, Kwang Yoon, Doo Sik Kim; Kosin Med J. 2008;23(4):42-46. Published online December 31, 2008

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Comparison of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Using Two Proposed Definitions: Jeong Sik Lee, Mi Hong Jeong, Myeong Sook Lee, Byeng Chul Yu, Yong Hwan Lee; Kosin Med J. 2007;22(1):34-42. Published online June 30, 2007

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Characteristics of Subcutaneous Fat Dstribution in Contemporary Korean Youngsters: Myung Hwa Lee, Jang Kyu Choi; The Journal of Kosin Medical College. 1986;2(1):63-71.

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Relationship of Body Fat Distribution with Metabolic Risk Factors: Se Jin oh, Sang Jung Kang, Soo Keun Song, Dong Hyun Lim, Seong Man Kim, Young Sik Choi, Yo Han Park, Hyung Soo Cha; Kosin Med J. 2000;15(1):39-48.

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Correlations Between Histology and Sonographic Findings of Fatty Change in Liver: Sung Hwan Jo, Lee Chun Park, Nam Yung Park, Ji Hun No, Byeong Chul Youn, Byeong Hun Han, Sang Ook Lee; Kosin Med J. 2006;21(1):134-138.

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The relationship between FattyLiver and Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in the Non Alcoholic Health Screen Examinees: Kil Su Kim, Young Sik Choi, Yo Han Park; Kosin Med J. 2006;21(1):207-217.

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Lifestyle behaviors associated with metabolic syndrome in medical check-up examinee: Cheol Hoon Kim, Byung Chul Yoo, Yong Hwan Lee; Kosin Med J. 2006;21(1):227-234.

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