Kosin Medical Journal

Review articles

The ethics of using artificial intelligence in medical research: Shinae Yu, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang; Kosin Med J. 2024;39(4):229-237. Published online December 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.140

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into medical research introduces significant ethical challenges that necessitate the strengthening of ethical frameworks. This review highlights the issues of privacy, bias, accountability, informed consent, and regulatory compliance as central concerns. AI systems, particularly in medical research, may compromise patient data privacy, perpetuate biases if they are trained on nondiverse datasets, and obscure accountability owing to their “black box” nature. Furthermore, the complexity of the role of AI may affect patients’ informed consent, as they may not fully grasp the extent of AI involvement in their care. Compliance with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and General Data Protection Regulation is essential, as they address liability in cases of AI errors. This review advocates a balanced approach to AI autonomy in clinical decisions, the rigorous validation of AI systems, ongoing monitoring, and robust data governance. Engaging diverse stakeholders is crucial for aligning AI development with ethical norms and addressing practical clinical needs. Ultimately, the proactive management of AI’s ethical implications is vital to ensure that its integration into healthcare improves patient outcomes without compromising ethical integrity.

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Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Care: Advancements in Bone Care and Future Directions
Rahul Kumar, Kyle Sporn, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Phani Paladugu, Swapna Vaja, Tamer Hage, Tejas C. Sekhar, Amar S. Vadhera, Alex Ngo, Nasif Zaman, Alireza Tavakkoli, Mouayad Masalkhi
Bioengineering.2025; 12(5): 513. CrossRef

Considerations for experimental animal ethics in the research planning and evaluation process: Jaewon Shim, Jeongtae Kim; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):271-277. Published online December 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.139

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Research using experimental animals has substantially contributed to advances in science and medicine. Animal experiments are nearly essential for biomedical research and development efforts. Because many animals are sacrificed, researchers should consider the welfare of experimental animals and related ethical issues, along with the successful results of their experiments. This review introduces the criteria that should be considered in terms of experimental animal ethics, based on the principles of the 3 R’s: replacement, representing careful consideration of the need for animal experiments; reduction, representing the use of the minimal number of animals to obtain meaningful experimental results; and refinement, representing continuous effects to find alternative methods to reduce pain and distress in experimental animals. Based on these principles, the following points should be considered when planning experiments: the necessity of animal experiments; alternatives to animal experiments; the relevance of the species and numbers of experimental animals; appropriate assessment and management of pain; the proper usage of sedatives, painkillers, and anesthesia; and valid timing for humane endpoints and euthanasia. These criteria are beneficial for both experimental animals and researchers because careful handling to ensure experimental animal welfare guarantees that scientific research will yield convincing, repeatable, and accurate results.

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Relevant Species Selection for Preclinical Safety Studies of Medicines: A Review
G. N. Engalycheva, R. D. Syubaev
Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy.2025; 13(1): 31. CrossRef
Aspectos éticos da biossegurança e experimentação animal
Thais Ferreira Costa dos Santos, Maria Angélica de Sousa Vieira, Sara Brito Rebouças Araújo, Patrick Assunção Mourão, Maylla Rodrigues Lucena, Matheus Silva Alves, Arannadia Barbosa Silva, Ermilton Junio Pereira de Freitas, Anivaldo Pereira Duarte Junior
Caderno Pedagógico.2025; 22(5): e14871. CrossRef
Functional Analysis of Membrane-Associated Scaffolding Tight Junction (TJ) Proteins in Tumorigenic Characteristics of B16-F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells
Eun-Ji Ko, Do-Ye Kim, Min-Hye Kim, Hyojin An, Jeongtae Kim, Jee-Yeong Jeong, Kyoung Seob Song, Hee-Jae Cha
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 833. CrossRef
General Principles, Designs, and Statistical Analyses in Experimental Animal Studies
Şengül Cangür
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 26(S1): 14. CrossRef
Applications and advancements in animal models for antiviral research on mosquito‐borne arboviruses
Megan Caifeng Tang, Ka Heng Wong, Adzzie Shazleen Azman, Rafidah Lani
Animal Models and Experimental Medicine.2024; 7(5): 673. CrossRef

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