Kosin Medical Journal

From articles published since 2012.

Original article

Effects of L-ascorbic acid on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes: Eun Hee Kong, Sun Young Ma, Jee Yeong Jeong, Kwang Hyuk Kim; Kosin Med J. 2015;30(1):41-49. Published online January 20, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2015.30.1.41

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Abstract Objective

The imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may underlie different pain states. Although ascorbic acid is the most important physiological antioxidant that affects host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis, there is limited information on the effects of ascorbic acid on the production of cytokines.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by stimulating C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes with the polyclonal activators lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A.

Results

AA significantly downregulated the expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α at 48 h and 72 h in mouse splenocytes treated with a combination of polyclonal activators and AA. AA treatment also resulted in upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 at 72 h. These findings demonstrated that AA significantly potentiated production of anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas there was an inverse association between AA and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse splenocytes.

Conclusion

AA may have potential applications in the reduction of inflammatory pain because of its function in modulating the production of cytokines. However, further in vivo investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Citations

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Review articles

Aging of the respiratory system: Seung Hun Lee, Su Jin Yim, Ho Cheol Kim; Kosin Med J. 2016;31(1):11-18. Published online February 4, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2016.31.1.11

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Abstract

Changes in the respiratory system caused by aging generally include structural changes in the thoracic cage and lung parenchyma, abnormal findings on lung function tests, ventilation and gas exchange abnormalities, decreased exercise capacity, and reduced respiratory muscle strength. Decreased respiratory system compliance caused by reduced elastic recoil of the lung parenchymaand thoracic cage is related to decreased energy expenditure by the respiratory system. Lung function, as measured by 1-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity (FVC), decreases with age, whereas total lung capacity remains unchanged. FVC decreases because of increased residual volume and diffusion capacity also decreases. Increased physiological dead space and ventilation/perfusion imbalance may reduce blood oxygen levels and increase the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. More than 20% decrease in diaphragmstrength is thought to beassociated withaging-related muscle atrophy. Ventilation per minute remains unchanged, and blood carbon dioxide concentration does not increase with aging. However, responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia are decreased. Exercise capacity also decreases, and maximum oxygen consumption decreases by >1%/year. Consequence of these changes, many respiratory diseases occur with aging. Thus, it is important to recognize these aging-related respiratory system changes.

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Ethical issues in clinical research and publication: Hyoung Shin Lee; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):278-282. Published online December 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.132

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Clinical research including human participants should be based on truth, demonstrate scientific integrity, and follow ethical standards and guidelines to protect study participants. The publication of clinical research should be transparent and adhere to strict criteria for authorship. A thorough understanding and knowledge of ethical issues will limit investigator misconduct in clinical research and publication. In this article, basic ethical issues in clinical research and publication are reviewed and summarized based on recent guidelines.

Citations

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How to write an original article in medicine and medical science: Gwansuk Kang, Sung Eun Kim; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):96-101. Published online June 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.105

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Excellent research in the fields of medicine and medical science can advance the field and contribute to human health improvement. In this aspect, research is important. However, if researchers do not publish their research, their efforts cannot benefit anyone. To make a difference, researchers must disseminate their results and communicate their opinions. One way to do this is by publishing their research. Therefore, academic writing is an essential skill for researchers. However, preparing a manuscript is not an easy task, and it is difficult to write well. Following a structure may be helpful for researchers. For example, the standard structure of medical and medical science articles includes the following sections: introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD). The purpose of this review is to present an introduction for researchers, especially novices, on how to write an original article in the field of medicine and medical science. Therefore, we discuss how to prepare and write a research manuscript for publication, using the IMRAD structure. We also included specific tips for writing manuscripts in medicine and medical science.

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The Roles of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) in Inflammation: Eun-Ji Ko, Hee-Jae Cha; Kosin Med J. 2021;36(2):69-78. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2021.36.2.69

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Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient, currently inactive, and non-infectious due to recombination, deletions, and mutations in the host genome. However, HERV-derived elements are involved in physiological phenomena including inflammatory response. In recent studies, HERV-derived elements were involved directly in various inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Sjogren’s syndrome. Regarding the involvement of HERV-derived elements in inflammation, two possible mechanisms have been proposed. First, HERV-derived elements cause nonspecific innate immune processes. Second, HERV-derived RNA or proteins might stimulate selective signaling mechanisms. However, it is unknown how silent HERV elements are activated in the inflammatory response and what factors and signaling mechanisms are involved with HERV-derived elements. In this review, we introduce HERV-related autoimmune diseases and propose the possible action mechanisms of HERV-derived elements in the inflammatory response at the molecular level.

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How to conduct well-designed clinical research: Da Jung Kim, Song Yi Kil, Jongwon Son, Ho Sup Lee; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(3):187-191. Published online September 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.122

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Clinicians and healthcare decision-makers conduct their clinical practice based on the results of clinical trials. However, some health problems remain unresolved; in such cases, further research is required. To ensure reliable research results, it is important to understand the study design and conduct well-designed clinical trials. Many study designs can be chosen within the two broad categories of observational and interventional. Clinical studies have a variety of designs, including case series, case-control, cross-sectional, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies. Well-designed clinical studies can clarify important differences between treatment options and provide data on long-term drug efficacy and safety. Interpreting the results of clinical trials can be difficult because weaknesses in research design, data collection methods, analytic methods, and reporting can compromise their value and usefulness. However, although randomized controlled trials are limited owing to ethical and practical issues, they are optimal for investigating the effects of therapy and establishing causality. Here we present an overview of different clinical research designs and review their advantages and limitations.

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Gastric cancer and metabolic syndrome
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Clinical efficacy and safety of autologous serum intramuscular injection in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study
Gil-Soon Choi, Jong Bin Park, Young-Ho Kim, Hee-Kyoo Kim
Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(1): 51. CrossRef
Changes in parents’ health concerns by post-preterm birth period in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Yu Jin Jung, Hun Ha Cho
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Current understanding of modulated electro-hyperthermia in cancer treatment
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Kosin Medical Journal.2024; 39(3): 160. CrossRef
Basic knowledge of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Jung Wook Lee
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 241. CrossRef
Evaluation of automated calibration and quality control processes using the Aptio total laboratory automation system
Namhee Kim, Yein Kim, Jeongeun Park, Jungsoo Choi, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(4): 342. CrossRef
The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury
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How to write case reports in medicine: Sung Il Im; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):102-106. Published online June 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.109

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Medical research has become an important part of providing care to patients. Case reports published in medical journals can communicate information to the medical community about rare or unreported features, conditions, complications, or interventions. Case reports are generally short, focusing on key components such as a summary and introduction, case presentation, and discussion. Authors now have access to free, continuously updated case reports of different types from multiple journals. This review introduces the process and mechanisms for how and when to prepare a case report. We briefly review the editorial process of each of these complementary journals, along with author anecdotes, hoping to inspire authors to write and continue writing case reports; and discusses the essentials of a case report, aiming to provide guidelines for improving medical writing skills.

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A Case of Early Malignant Change from Neurofibroma to Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Poo Reum Kang, Yeong Joon Kim, Sun Ju Oh, Hyoung Shin Lee
Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology.2023; 39(2): 45. CrossRef
Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic-gland Type Diagnosed and Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Sung Eun Kim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung, Bang Ju Kim, Hee Kyung Chang
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(3): 165. CrossRef
Perioperative cutaneous complications in an elderly patient due to inappropriate use of a forced-air warming device and underbody blanket: a case report
Myounghun Kim, Soo Jee Lee, Beomseok Choi, Geunho Lee, Seunghee Ki
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 288. CrossRef
Selective adjuvant radiation therapy for distant lymph node metastasis in patients with stage 4B epithelial ovarian cancer: a case series
Eun Taeg Kim, Seung Yeon Oh, Sun Young Ma, Tae Hwa Lee, Won Gyu Kim
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 293. CrossRef

Original article

New approach to learning medical procedures using a smartphone and the Moodle platform to facilitate assessments and written feedback: Sang-Shin Lee, Haeyoung Lee, Hyunyong Hwang; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(1):75-82. Published online March 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.010

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Background
To overcome communication obstacles between medical students and trainers, we designed serial learning activities utilizing a smartphone and web-based instruction (WBI) on the Moodle platform to provide clear and retrievable trainer feedback to students on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) item.
Methods
We evaluated students’ learning achievement and satisfaction with the new learning tool. A total of 80 fourth-year medical students participated. They installed the Moodle app (the WBI platform) on their smartphones and practiced an endotracheal suction procedure on a medical simulation mannequin while being evaluated by a trainer regarding competence in clinical skills on the smartphone app. Students’ competency was evaluated by comparing the scores between the formative assessment and the summative assessment. The degree of satisfaction and usefulness for the smartphone and WBI system were analyzed.
Results
The means (standard deviations, SDs) of the formative and summative assessments were 8.80 (2.53) and 14.24 (1.97) out of a total of 17 points, respectively, reflecting a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The degree of satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the smartphone app and WBI system were excellent, with means (SDs) of 4.60 (0.58), and 4.60 (0.65), respectively.
Conclusion
We believe that the learning process using a smartphone and the Moodle platform offers good guidance for OSCE skill development because trainers’ written feedback is recorded online and is retrievable at all times, enabling students to build and maintain competency through frequent feedback review.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Faculty development: the need to ensure educational excellence and health care quality
Hyekyung Shin, Min-Jeong Kim
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(1): 4. CrossRef
Is It Time to Revise the Competency-Based Assessment? Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Technology Integration
Haniye Mastour, Nazanin Shamaeian Razavi
Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Do we need Moodle in medical education? A review of its impact and utility
Seri Jeong, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(3): 159. CrossRef
The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 278. CrossRef
How does quiz activity affect summative assessment outcomes? An analysis of three consecutive years’ data on self-directed learning
Chi Eun Oh, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(3): 228. CrossRef

Review article

Considerations for experimental animal ethics in the research planning and evaluation process: Jaewon Shim, Jeongtae Kim; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):271-277. Published online December 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.139

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Research using experimental animals has substantially contributed to advances in science and medicine. Animal experiments are nearly essential for biomedical research and development efforts. Because many animals are sacrificed, researchers should consider the welfare of experimental animals and related ethical issues, along with the successful results of their experiments. This review introduces the criteria that should be considered in terms of experimental animal ethics, based on the principles of the 3 R’s: replacement, representing careful consideration of the need for animal experiments; reduction, representing the use of the minimal number of animals to obtain meaningful experimental results; and refinement, representing continuous effects to find alternative methods to reduce pain and distress in experimental animals. Based on these principles, the following points should be considered when planning experiments: the necessity of animal experiments; alternatives to animal experiments; the relevance of the species and numbers of experimental animals; appropriate assessment and management of pain; the proper usage of sedatives, painkillers, and anesthesia; and valid timing for humane endpoints and euthanasia. These criteria are beneficial for both experimental animals and researchers because careful handling to ensure experimental animal welfare guarantees that scientific research will yield convincing, repeatable, and accurate results.

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Relevant Species Selection for Preclinical Safety Studies of Medicines: A Review
G. N. Engalycheva, R. D. Syubaev
Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional Analysis of Membrane-Associated Scaffolding Tight Junction (TJ) Proteins in Tumorigenic Characteristics of B16-F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells
Eun-Ji Ko, Do-Ye Kim, Min-Hye Kim, Hyojin An, Jeongtae Kim, Jee-Yeong Jeong, Kyoung Seob Song, Hee-Jae Cha
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 833. CrossRef
General Principles, Designs, and Statistical Analyses in Experimental Animal Studies
Şengül Cangür
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 26(S1): 14. CrossRef
Applications and advancements in animal models for antiviral research on mosquito‐borne arboviruses
Megan Caifeng Tang, Ka Heng Wong, Adzzie Shazleen Azman, Rafidah Lani
Animal Models and Experimental Medicine.2024; 7(5): 673. CrossRef

Case Reports

The Management of Foreign Body Sensation in the Throat after Stroke by Trigger Point Injection on Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscles: Howard Kim, Hoe Saeng Yang, Ji Hwan Cheon, Ki Hong Won; Kosin Med J. 2021;36(1):34-39. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2021.36.1.34

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Foreign body (FB) sensation in the throat is often a common symptom encountered in clinical practice. FB sensation in throat has numerous causes mainly caused by reflex diseases such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. Its treatment has been focused on organic problems or hysteria while musculoskeletal problem has been neglected. We hereby report a patient with dysphagia and complaint of FB sensation in the throat after nasogastric tube removal. It was relieved by trigger point injection on the posterior belly of digastric muscles.

Citations

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Relación entre los umbrales de dolor a la presión perilaríngeos y la severidad de los síntomas de disconfort del tracto vocal en mujeres vocalmente sanas
Christopher Fuentes Aracena, Christopher Biermann Orizola , Constanza Torres Yáñez
Revista de Investigación en Logopedia.2024; 14(1): e87660. CrossRef
Efectos de la termoterapia asociada a electroestimulación sobre los umbrales de dolor a la presión perilaríngeos y los síntomas de disconfort del tracto vocal en mujeres vocalmente sanas
Christopher Fuentes Aracena, Christopher Biermann Orizola , Constanza Torres Yáñez
Revista de Investigación en Logopedia.2024; 14(2): e90514. CrossRef
Odinofonía: una actualización clínica
Christopher Hernán Fuentes Aracena
Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud.2023; 5(1): 191. CrossRef
Differences between the Perilaryngeal Pressure Pain Thresholds in Asymptomatic Women, Women With Bruxism, and Women With Odynophonia
Christopher Fuentes, Sebastián Castañón, Lylia Roldán
Journal of Voice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original article

Antinociceptive Effect of BPC-157 in the Formalin-induced Pain Model: Sang Yoong Park, So Ron Choi, Jeong Ho Kim, Seung Cheol Lee, Seong Yeop Jeong, Joon Ho Jeong, Tae Young Lee; Kosin Med J. 2021;36(1):1-13. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2021.36.1.1

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Objectives

Body protective compound-157 (BPC-157) is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide that has been effective in trials aiming to increase wound healing capabilities and decrease inflammatory cell influx, including studies on the healing of muscles and tendons. There are no studies about the effect of BPC-157 on pain transmission via nociception. This study examined the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 using formalin tests and immunohistochemistry.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into the control, morphine and BPC-157 groups. Pain behavior was quantified periodically at 5- and 35- min intervals (representative values of phases 1 and 2) by counting the number of flinches exhibited by the injected paw after injection. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cords (SC) were collected, and then, the number of cytokine-positive cells was determined via immunostaining.

Results

BPC-157 dose-dependently decreased the number of flinches during phase 1 but did not decrease the number of flinches during phase 2. During phase 1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the DRG tissue was significantly different in the morphine, 10 μg/kg BPC-157, and 20 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the DRG tissue in the morphine, 20 μg/kg BPC-157, and 40 μg/kg BPC-157 groups. During phase 1, interleukin-6 was significantly different in the DRG tissue in the morphine group and the SC tissue in the 10 μg/kg BPC-157 group. During phase 2, statistical significance was achieved in the morphine group and the BPC-157 20 μg/kg group in both the DRG and SC tissues. There were no significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α between the DRG and SC tissues.

Conclusions

BPC-157 was effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 decreased the expression of IL-1β in the DRG tissue in phases 1 and 2.

Citations

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Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain–Gut Axis and Gut–Brain Axis Function
Predrag Sikiric, Slaven Gojkovic, Ivan Krezic, Ivan Maria Smoday, Luka Kalogjera, Helena Zizek, Katarina Oroz, Hrvoje Vranes, Vlasta Vukovic, May Labidi, Sanja Strbe, Lidija Baketic Oreskovic, Marko Sever, Marijan Tepes, Mario Knezevic, Ivan Barisic, Vlad
Pharmaceuticals.2023; 16(5): 676. CrossRef
The anti-nociceptive effect of BPC-157 on the incisional pain model in rats
Young-Hoon Jung, Haekyu Kim, Hyaejin Kim, Eunsoo Kim, Jiseok Baik, Hyunjong Kang
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.2022; 22(2): 97. CrossRef
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, and Thrombosis Presentation
Predrag Sikiric, Mario Udovicic, Ivan Barisic, Diana Balenovic, Gordana Zivanovic Posilovic, Dean Strinic, Sandra Uzun, Suncana Sikiric, Ivan Krezic, Helena Zizek, Haidi Yago, Slaven Gojkovic, Ivan Maria Smoday, Luka Kalogjera, Hrvoje Vranes, Marija Sola,
Biomedicines.2022; 10(11): 2696. CrossRef
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle
Mario Staresinic, Mladen Japjec, Hrvoje Vranes, Andreja Prtoric, Helena Zizek, Ivan Krezic, Slaven Gojkovic, Ivan Maria Smoday, Katarina Oroz, Eva Staresinic, Vilim Dretar, Haidi Yago, Marija Milavic, Suncana Sikiric, Eva Lovric, Lovorka Batelja Vuletic,
Biomedicines.2022; 10(12): 3221. CrossRef

Case report

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a female patient with fragile X syndrome: Hyun-Young Park, Jin-Man Cho, Dong-Hee Kim, Chang-Bum Park, Chong-Jin Kim; Kosin Med J. 2017;32(2):240-243. Published online January 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2017.32.2.240

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We report a case of Spontaneous coronary artery dissection associated with fragile X syndrome. The relationship between fragile X syndrome and Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is unclear. However, More research will need about the causes and treatment of Spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Citations

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Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) phenotype in fragile X premutation carriers: case series
Nattaporn Tassanakijpanich, Forrest J McKenzie, Yingratana A McLennan, Elisabeth Makhoul, Flora Tassone, Mittal J Jasoliya, Christopher Romney, Ignacio Cortina Petrasic, Kaye Napalinga, Caroline B Buchanan, Paul Hagerman, Randi Hagerman, Emily L Casanova
Journal of Medical Genetics.2022; 59(7): 687. CrossRef
Exploring the Genetic Architecture of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Ingrid Tarr, Stephanie Hesselson, Siiri E. Iismaa, Emma Rath, Steven Monger, Michael Troup, Ketan Mishra, Claire M.Y. Wong, Pei-Chen Hsu, Keerat Junday, David T. Humphreys, David Adlam, Tom R. Webb, Anna A. Baranowska-Clarke, Stephen E. Hamby, Keren J. Ca
Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in Females With the Fragile X FMR1 Premutation
Forrest J. McKenzie, Nattaporn Tassanakijpanich, Kelly C. Epps, S. Kimara March, Randi J. Hagerman
JACC: Case Reports.2020; 2(1): 40. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Problems in the Fragile X Premutation
Nattaporn Tassanakijpanich, Jonathan Cohen, Rashelle Cohen, Uma N. Srivatsa, Randi J. Hagerman
Frontiers in Genetics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Original article

A Computer-Assisted, Real-Time Feedback System for Medical Students as a Tool for Web-Based Learning: Hyunyong Hwang; Kosin Med J. 2016;31(2):134-145. Published online January 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2016.31.2.134

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Abstract Objectives

Medical students sometimes do not receive proper feedback from their instructors. This study evaluated a newly developed automated and personalized real-time feedback system intended to address this issue.

Methods

Third- and fourth-year medical students participated in quizzes focusing on 17 learning objectives and a five-scale survey that queried their prior knowledge related to blood transfusions. Immediately after completing the quizzes, the students received automated and personalized, real-time feedback and were instructed to take part in self-directed learning. This activity was followed by a final quiz. After completion of the final quiz, the students responded to the five-scale survey that probed the usefulness of and satisfaction with the automated, personalized, real-time feedback system.

Results

Eighty students took part in this study. The third-year group had a higher score for prior knowledge and also on the first quiz (P= 0.008, P= 0.046, respectively). There was no significant difference in final quiz scores between the third- and fourth-year groups (P= 0.633). The scores for usefulness of and satisfaction with the automated, real-time feedback system were 4.45 and 4.34, and 4.55 and 4.40 in the third- and fourth-year students, respectively.

Conclusions

The automated, personalized, real-time feedback system provided timely and effective feedback for medical students and was helpful for their self-directed learning.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Do we need Moodle in medical education? A review of its impact and utility
Seri Jeong, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(3): 159. CrossRef
The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 278. CrossRef
New approach to learning medical procedures using a smartphone and the Moodle platform to facilitate assessments and written feedback
Sang-Shin Lee, Haeyoung Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(1): 75. CrossRef
How does quiz activity affect summative assessment outcomes? An analysis of three consecutive years’ data on self-directed learning
Chi Eun Oh, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(3): 228. CrossRef

Review article

Do we need Moodle in medical education? A review of its impact and utility: Seri Jeong, Hyunyong Hwang; Kosin Med J. 2023;38(3):159-168. Published online September 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.139

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Various learning management systems (LMSs) are available to facilitate the development, management, and distribution of digital resources for both face-to-face and online instruction. In recent decades, these methods have shown potential for greater efficiency compared to traditional "chalk and talk" approaches. Additionally, they have paved the way for the establishment of ubiquitous learning environments, marking a new era in education. In a trend accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, LMSs have been increasingly adopted to overcome the restrictions inherent to in-person education. In medical education, LMSs such as Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard Learn, and others have been introduced and used to support teaching, learning, and assessment activities. Of these, Moodle stands out as the most popular choice for many medical schools and institutions, primarily due to its flexibility, functionality, and user-friendliness. The learning environment is gradually transforming from traditional in-person teaching to a hybrid educational approach, driven by the need to fulfill diverse educational demands. Numerous research studies have examined the usability of Moodle in medical education, demonstrating its effectiveness in addressing challenges related to adaptive personalized learning, collaborative learning, blended learning, and more. Consequently, Moodle has emerged as a valuable solution for medical educators seeking a versatile and robust platform to enhance their teaching methodologies. The present review focuses on the practical utilization of Moodle in medical education and the advantages it offers to this field.

Citations

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Exploring structural equations modelling on the use of modified UTAUT model for evaluating online learning
Stephen Gbenga Fashoto, Yinusa Akintoye Faremi, Elliot Mbunge, Olumide Owolabi
Educational Technology Quarterly.2024; 2024(3): 319. CrossRef
Looking Back on Digital Medical Education Over the Last 25 Years and Looking to the Future: Narrative Review
Oluwadamilola Ogundiya, Thahmina Jasmine Rahman, Ioan Valnarov-Boulter, Tim Michael Young
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e60312. CrossRef
The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 278. CrossRef

Original article

STAT3 inhibition decreases ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells: Cheol Hong Kim, Kyoung Seob Song; Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):134-139. Published online June 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.102

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Background
Contact between the human pulmonary system and bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can induce airway diseases. Although pathogen-induced mucus oversecretion and hyperproduction are frequently observed in the human respiratory tract, the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced mucus hypersecretion and overproduction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological signaling mechanism of ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells.
Methods
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a cytokine array, and a Ca2+ concentration assay were performed to investigate the ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression levels in human airway epithelial cells.
Results
The ATP/P2Y2 complex robustly secreted interleukin (IL)-6 in a time-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-P2Y2 did not. Moreover, ATP/P2Y2 induced MUC8 gene expression. IL-6 secreted by ATP strongly elevated ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression compared to ATP/P2Y2. Interestingly, a specific STAT3 inhibitor, 5,15-DPP, dramatically inhibited ATP/P2Y2/IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in MUC8 gene expression.
Conclusions
We showed that IL-6-activated STAT6 is essential for ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression as part of inflammatory signaling by cytokines during airway inflammation. Our results provide a new molecular understanding of the signaling mechanism of MUC8 gene expression during airway inflammation.

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LPS-induced systemic inflammation is suppressed by the PDZ motif peptide of ZO-1 via regulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization
Hyun-Chae Lee, Sun-Hee Park, Hye Min Jeong, Goeun Shin, Sung In Lim, Jeongtae Kim, Jaewon Shim, Yeong-Min Park, Kyoung Seob Song
eLife.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inhibition of Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation by RIPK3 through the Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Production
Sun-Hee Park, Hyun-Chae Lee, Hye Min Jeong, Jeong-Sang Lee, Hee-Jae Cha, Cheol Hong Kim, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(17): 13320. CrossRef
PDZ Peptide of the ZO-1 Protein Significantly Increases UTP-Induced MUC8 Anti-Inflammatory Mucin Overproduction in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Han Seo, Hyun-Chae Lee, Ki Chul Lee, Doosik Kim, Jiwook Kim, Donghee Kang, Hyung-Joo Chung, Hee-Jae Cha, Jeongtae Kim, Kyoung Seob Song
Molecules and Cells.2023; 46(11): 700. CrossRef

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