Today, almost 20% of female cancers are gynecological in nature. In particular, uterine cervical cancer and endometrial cancer (which have been intensively studied) seriously compromise female health. One of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, ezrin, has been associated with cancer in prior studies, including the two cancers mentioned above. Ezrin expression increases, as does the expression of other factors, in uterine cervical cancer; ezrin may promote cancer development by influencing the actions of the other factors. Also, an increase in ezrin level contributes to the development of diseases such as endometrial cancer.

Changes in the respiratory system caused by aging generally include structural changes in the thoracic cage and lung parenchyma, abnormal findings on lung function tests, ventilation and gas exchange abnormalities, decreased exercise capacity, and reduced respiratory muscle strength. Decreased respiratory system compliance caused by reduced elastic recoil of the lung parenchymaand thoracic cage is related to decreased energy expenditure by the respiratory system. Lung function, as measured by 1-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity (FVC), decreases with age, whereas total lung capacity remains unchanged. FVC decreases because of increased residual volume and diffusion capacity also decreases. Increased physiological dead space and ventilation/perfusion imbalance may reduce blood oxygen levels and increase the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. More than 20% decrease in diaphragmstrength is thought to beassociated withaging-related muscle atrophy. Ventilation per minute remains unchanged, and blood carbon dioxide concentration does not increase with aging. However, responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia are decreased. Exercise capacity also decreases, and maximum oxygen consumption decreases by >1%/year. Consequence of these changes, many respiratory diseases occur with aging. Thus, it is important to recognize these aging-related respiratory system changes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Cut-off Value of Anthropometric Indices for the Prediction of Pulmonary Function and Risk Factors Among the Chiru Tribe of Manipur
  Hosea Thanglen, Urapam Zimik, Ramthar Thanglen
  The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of trunk muscle strength training on lung function in healthy runners
  Yuki NAKAI, Yasufumi TAKESHITA
  The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prediction of Lung Function Status Using Handgrip Strength and Anthropometry among the Healthy Malay Population in Malaysia
  Mohd Hasni Ja’afar, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail, Zaleha Md Isa, Azmi Mohd Tamil, Nafiza Mat Nasir, Tengku Saifudin Tengku Ismail, Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak, Najihah Zainol Abidin, MyLinh Duong, Khairul Hazdi Yusof
  Healthcare.2023; 11(7): 1056.     CrossRef
• Activities of Daily Living and Related Factors in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Disease Preparing for Discharge
  Hyunwoo Jeong, Sanghee Kim, Mona Choi, Eui Geum Oh
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(4): 391.     CrossRef
• Aging, inflammaging and immunosenescence as risk factors of severe COVID-19
  Anteneh Mehari Tizazu, Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist, Gebreselassie Demeke
  Immunity & Ageing.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants of dynamic inspiratory muscle strength in healthy trained elderly
  A Roldán, A Forte, P Monteagudo, A Cordellat, J Monferrer-Marín, C Blasco-Lafarga
  Postgraduate Medicine.2021; 133(7): 807.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Voice-Related Quality of Life for the Elderly with and without Voice Disorders According to Genders by Aging Voice Index-Korean Version
  Hwa-Young Pyo, Jae-Yol Lim, Sung-Eun Lim, Seung Jin Lee
  Communication Sciences & Disorders.2021; 26(4): 933.     CrossRef
• Age‐related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review
  Benjamin Zimmerman, Bart Rypma, Gabriele Gratton, Monica Fabiani
  Psychophysiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Yaşlılarda Ortaya Çıkan Fizyolojik Değişiklikler
  Ali AĞAR
  Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi.2020; 3(3): 347.     CrossRef
• Perubahan Fungsi Paru Pada Usia Tua
  Helmia Hasan, Rena Arusita Maranatha
  Jurnal Respirasi.2019; 3(2): 52.     CrossRef
• Possibilities of modern anesthetic management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients
  O. V. Bielykh
  Problems of Uninterrupted Medical Training and Science.2019; 2019(2): 84.     CrossRef
• Beneficial Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Combined With Multicomponent Training in Elderly Active Women
  Ainoa Roldán, Ana Cordellat, Pablo Monteagudo, Consolación García-Lucerga, Nieves M. Blasco-Lafarga, Mª Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Cristina Blasco-Lafarga
  Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.2019; 90(4): 547.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Lung Function: A Review of the Literature
  Alejandro Talaminos Barroso, Eduardo Márquez Martín, Laura María Roa Romero, Francisco Ortega Ruiz
  Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition).2018; 54(6): 327.     CrossRef
• Factores que afectan a la función pulmonar: una revisión bibliográfica
  Alejandro Talaminos Barroso, Eduardo Márquez Martín, Laura María Roa Romero, Francisco Ortega Ruiz
  Archivos de Bronconeumología.2018; 54(6): 327.     CrossRef
• Normal aging: definition and physiologic changes
  Chul Ho Chang, Ki-Young Lee, Yon Hee Shim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2017; 60(5): 358.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Application of Raman spectroscopy in breast cancer surgery
  Yikeun Kim, Sung Ui Jung, Jinhyuk Choi
  Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(3): 176.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Active substances and molecular mechanisms of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis radix against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis effects by network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  Haolin CHU, Shanshan LIU, Shujing ZHANG, Shuyan WANG, Hongsheng CHANG, Lina LI
  Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry.2024; 52(5): 100397.     CrossRef
• Exploring the therapeutic potential of quercetin in cancer treatment: Targeting long non-coding RNAs
  Farhad Sheikhnia, Ahmad Fazilat, Vahid Rashidi, Bita Azizzadeh, Mahya Mohammadi, Hossein Maghsoudi, Maryam Majidinia
  Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 260: 155374.     CrossRef
• Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology
  Ho-Sung Lee, In-Hee Lee, Kyungrae Kang, Sang-In Park, Tae-Wook Kwon, Dae-Yeon Lee, Gabriel A. Agbor
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a serious condition requiring prompt intervention due to a sudden decrease in limb perfusion threatening limb viability. Treatment of ALI depends on the clinical status of the affected limb and patient comorbidities. Surgical therapy has been the historical standard of care for restoring limb perfusion; however, percutaneous endovascular intervention has been shown to be a promising treatment option in selected patients of ALI at high surgical risk. We report on a case of a 75-year-old man with ALI caused by thrombotic occlusion of the suprainguinal artery, successfully treated with endovascular therapy including stent insertion and thrombus aspiration and catheter-directed urokinase infusion in view of the clinical findings and imaging studies.

Prostate cancer is increasing in frequency in Korea. Among them, ductal adenocarcinoma (DCP) has a more aggressive and poor prognosis than acinar adenocarcinoma (ACP), despite its low incidence. Patients usually present with symptoms of lower urinary tract symptoms and hematuria due to increasing tumor mass within the lumen of the prostatic urethra, making diagnosis of DCP by the transrectal prostate biopsy difficult. DCP is often metastasized at the time of diagnosis. DCP is transferable to most other organs but the metastasis to the anterior urethra is rare. There is no doubt that localized DCP requires radical prostatectomy (RP) but the guidelines for adjuvant therapy after RP have not yet been established. Methods of the treatment are confounded by individual differences, and arriving at a consensus is challenging due to insufficient data. We report a case of DCP and urethral metastasis after RP, thus aiding in the determination of treatment guidelines.

A paradoxical response is not uncommon in non-HIV-infected patients, particularly those with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the radiological and clinical worsening of a previous lesion or the development of new lesion during anti-tuberculosis therapy. The paradoxical response has been attributed to host immunologic reactions, such as a delayed hypersensitivity or a response to mycobacterial antigens. In most reports of paradoxical response, these responses occurred in the same location as a previous lesion. In this patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymph node enlargement occurred as a paradoxical response after the completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Although the new lesion developed in another location, it could be considered as a paradoxical response based on the negative culture result of acid fast bacilli from the new lesion and drug sensitivity result from initial bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. Therefore we were able to decide on the termination of unnecessary anti-tuberculous treatment. Based on our case, we can conclude that paradoxical response can occur after the termination of anti-tuberculosis therapy even in new site.

Septic arthritis is the infection of a joint by an infectious agent, leading to arthritis. It is therefore important to identify and treat the correct bacteria in septic arthritis. However, accurate identification of bacteria by conventional methods is difficult because of the distinct biochemical characteristics of individual bacteria. This case report aims at assessing septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp. equisimilis(SDSE) using nucleotide sequences and discusses the associated treatment. Here, Streptococcus agalactiaewas determined to be the causative bacteria for septic arthritis in a 77 year-old woman using the conventional method of hemolysis pattern interpretation and morphology. However, nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA revealed that SDSE was the causative strain. 16S rRNA gene sequencing can correctly identify bacteria strains that are difficult to be identified by traditional method, and this correct identification can provide patients with the opportunity for adequate treatment using the proper antibiotics.