- Did the COVID-19 pandemic impact the surgical treatment of febrile acute appendicitis at a single center in Korea, a country not under lockdown? Observational cohort study
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Youngil Choi, Youngsik Kim
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Received June 5, 2024 Accepted August 27, 2024 Published online September 27, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.125
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 Abstract
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- Background
This study analyzed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on acute appendicitis (AA) treatment in Korea, a country that did not implement lockdown measures.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted during two discretionary time periods: a control period from January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, and a COVID-19 period from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. This study included adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with AA who underwent surgical treatment in the emergency department. Clinical and laboratory parameters, changes in surgery timing, disease severity, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.
Results
The study included a total of 221 patients, with 139 receiving appendectomy in the COVID-19 cohort and 82 in the control cohort. In patients without fever, operative time was significantly longer during the COVID-19 period (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in surgical procedures, extent of surgery, diagnostic delay time, preoperative delay time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and other hospital diagnoses between the two time periods. Among patients presenting with fever, defined as a body temperature at or above 37.5 °C, the rate of complicated AA was higher during the COVID-19 period than in the control period (p<0.01). During the COVID-19 period, the diagnostic and preoperative delay times, as well as postoperative hospital stays, were longer (p<0.05), and the incidence of postoperative complications and other hospital diagnoses was higher (p<0.01) during the COVID-19 period than in the control period. Multivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.03; odds ratio [OR], 1.027; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–0.05) and the presence of fever (p<0.01; OR, 21.60; 95% CI, 6.93–67.34) were independent risk factors for complicated AA.
Conclusion
Older patients and those with fever were at greater risk of severe AA. During outbreaks of infectious diseases like COVID-19, careful consideration is needed regarding surgical interventions in older patients with fever. Understanding vulnerabilities is crucial for disease management in the future.
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KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
